Rabbi Nachman of Bratslav Monday, February 19, 2007
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Rabbi Nachman of Bratslav , the founder of Hasidism. Father's side he was the grandson of Rabbi Nahman of Horodenka, a student of the Baal Shem Tov. Nachman was raised in the Hasidic atmosphere at his home, married early and lived in the house of his father. He later settled in Mewedewka, a village in the province Kiev, where he assembled a group of Hasidim around. 1798 he went accompanied by a student on a journey to the Holy Land
. Within several months, he visited among other Haifa, Jaffa, Tiberias and Safed had, but after the invasion of Napoleon leave the country at a moment again. During his stay in a village near Schpola he had a discussion with Arie body, an elderly Hasidic leaders, who accused Nachman Sabbatian and Frankist views. In 1802 he moved to Bratslav, where he remained until 1810. After his house was burned down in Bratslav, he moved to Uman, where he died on 18 Tishri 5571 (October 16, 1810) died during the Sukkot to tuberculosis. After the death of Rabbi Nachman his followers were known as the Bratslav Hasidim. In their area of origin
Podolia
they were up to the early years of the Soviet Union active and gained in the inter-war period especially in Poland increased social recognition. In Israel most Bratslav Hasidim lived at first in the Old City of Jerusalem , but have now settled in Safed , Emanuel and Bnei Brak.
His teachings
Although Nachman emphasized the importance of tradition and as the last link of a chain saw that Shimon ben Yochai
of about Isaac Luria until his great-grandfather, the Baal Shem Tov, presented his teachings contain many new features. According to Nachman, the world was by En Sof, "the infinite" create, and is dominated by the absolute will of God. Divinity is everywhere contained in evil, in the form of Klippot ("shells"). Even a man who is sinking in evil, therefore, can be found back by repentance the Creator. The Lurianic doctrine of tzimtzum ("retreat", see Kabbalah ) creates a paradox . On the one hand, it postulated the retreat and the disappearance of Divinity by creating a vacuum , secondly, it is divine immanence (presence of God in the world) was adopted. According to Nachman of the ideal state of Tzimtzum only in the future is achieved. The main significance of this doctrine, however, is to raise doubts about the existence of the Creator. The wording of the question is an important element in his teaching and is the first act of the will of the Creator in their relationships with their people. Although humans can get deep into the clutches of the doubt, the ultimate purpose of his case lies in its promotion ("And the decline is happening around the climbing's sake" Sohar ).
Tzaddik Nachman
theory is unique, then is he said there is only one true tzaddik, namely Nachman himself, which provided for a determination as Messiah is. Just as Moses confer on the tzaddik the prayers of the community's saving power. Idea of the tzaddik of heretical questions can lead to spiritual advancement of those who were before the mistake. Even the Niggun (the Hasidic melody) has a similar redemptive influence. The tzaddik lives forever, so to speak, whether in this or in the world to come. A person is required to travel to the tzaddik, "because the important thing is what he hears from the mouth of the tzaddik." Nachman attitude to people and the world is quite pessimistic. He believes that there were many obstacles in the way of the people in this world that may be mentioned without further
Gehinnom
. Nevertheless, Nachman is with all his strength against despair. The anchor, the man can hold in life, faith, encouragement, joy, song, dance, constant self-criticism, discussions with the tzaddik and the longing for a direct relationship to the Creator. An important position in his teachings does decided to open the prayer. This is not limited to the Jewish tradition of prayer, even the recitation of psalms is worthless as long as the prayer is not with kawwanah pray and identified himself with the contents. Important for the dialogue is also a commitment to daily isolation. The importance of Niggun, the sung prayer is not to over-estimate by Nachman. There is a complete system of Niggunim which corresponds to the structure of the universe. Those who adapt to the musical rhythm, can achieve great pleasure from it and reaches the extinction of the self. At this moment, reveals that of the Creator, who longs for him, through the various stages in the order of nature. One way of spiritual elevation is offered to the people of Eretz Israel
where he can gain faith and wisdom. This may provide an explanation Nachman to believe he was throughout his life by the wisdom-enhancing power of the Land of Israel was based, which he himself was "the greatest of zaddikim" as he called himself.
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